In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)-implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC.
7.6 Public participation in recycling programmes. 
7.5 Possible income loss and social costs. Proponents of recycling dispute each of these claims, and the validity of arguments from both sides has led to enduring controversy. Specifically, critics argue that the costs and energy used in collection and transportation detract from (and outweigh) the costs and energy saved in the production process also that the jobs produced by the recycling industry can be a poor trade for the jobs lost in logging, mining, and other industries associated with virgin production and that materials such as paper pulp can only be recycled a few times before material degradation prevents further recycling. Critics dispute the net economic and environmental benefits of recycling over its costs, and suggest that proponents of recycling often make matters worse and suffer from confirmation bias. Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain materials from complex products, either due to their intrinsic value (e.g., lead from car batteries, or gold from computer components), or due to their hazardous nature (e.g., removal and reuse of mercury from various items). However, this is often difficult or too expensive (compared with producing the same product from raw materials or other sources), so "recycling" of many products or materials involves their reuse in producing different materials (e.g., paperboard) instead. In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material-for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper, or used foamed polystyrene into new polystyrene. Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing. Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste – such as food or garden waste – is not typically considered recycling. 
Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics.
#Recycle synonym iso#
There are some ISO standards relating to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the " Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. Recycling is processing used materials ( waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production.
World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association analogical dictionary.Recycling and Waste Management Exhibition.Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program.International Universal Recycling Codes.Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries.Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal.CRAFT – Ceredigion Recycling And Furniture Team.Bass Communion (Reconstructions and Recycling).
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